pepper-and-salt translate: (頭髮)黑白相間的,花白的. pbjsCfg.consentManagement = { 'min': 3.05, Browse our dictionary apps today and ensure you are never again lost for words. } { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [160, 600] }}, A combination of government officials and merchant entrepreneurs eagerly invented and deployed new technologies and new ways of organizing salt production, distribution, and taxation. Here's a list of translations. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, Dane restructured the bureaucracy and hired energetic and competent Chinese and foreign officers.[55]. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, The extra agricultural work contributed the most burden to salt producers, as they had to plant and harvest as intensively as a farming household, while collecting and drying salt. Soy sauce, produced when the fermentation of the beans is controlled by salt at just the right stage, may have originated in the desire to make the supply of salt go farther. [37], Writers turned to poetry and fiction to continue a debate which had been started centuries earlier by Guanzi and the Han dynasty Discourses on Salt and Iron: practical men argued that monopoly revenues helped the state to carry out its mission while Confucian critics argued that government monopolies made some groups rich and left others poor and exploited, and that salt taxes afflicted the people and encouraged expansionary wars which would doom the empire. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_300x250' }}, {code: 'ad_leftslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_leftslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/leftslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, Officials granted merchants who delivered grain to the frontier garrisons the right to buy salt certificates (鹽引 yányǐn) which entitled them to buy government salt at monopoly prices which they could then sell in protected markets. type: "html5", Add the power of Cambridge Dictionary to your website using our free search box widgets. window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; syncDelay: 3000 These wealthier producers could then benefit from the low land tax given by the government and could further rent out the extra farmland as another source of income. ... A Chinese clay pot is the more traditional choice, but it will very likely crack during cooking. Su confessed to having written this poem: The poet admitted that to write of an old man who had no salt was to point to the harshness of the imperial salt monopoly. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387233' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654149' }}, All-purpose, No preservatives, No Salt. The company eventually manipulated its political networks so that by 1936 it had challenged the monopoly of the salt gabelle in order to take advantage of its more efficient technology but still did not gain a major share of the market. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, "sign-out": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signout?rid=READER_ID" { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, Private salt trafficking persisted because monopoly salt was more expensive and of lower quality, while local bandits and rebel leaders thrived on salt smuggling. if(window.__tcfapi) Since the Department was housed within the Forbidden City, where the emperor lived for much of the year, the emperor and his personal servants could control the revenues directly, whereas much of the land tax, the other major revenue source, was siphoned off at the local level or committed to other expenses. var mapping_rightslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); Salt baked chicken is a traditional Cantonese and Hakka dish. [26], Beginning almost immediately after the founding of the dynasty in 1368, the Ming government found it hard to supply its armies in Central Asia. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, In 1705, as a mark of favor, the emperor ordered Cao, an accomplished scholar, to compile all shi (lyric poems) surviving from the Tang dynasty. 'increment': 1, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, iasLog("exclusion label : wprod"); Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? Beef in black bean sauce dishes were … [66], “Salty” is one of the “five flavors” of Chinese herbology and Chinese cuisine which Chinese see as the basis of good food. Epsom salts translate: 瀉鹽. 'increment': 0.5, },{ dfpSlots['houseslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/houseslot', [300, 250], 'ad_houseslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_houseslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').setCategoryExclusion('house').addService(googletag.pubads()); in J. W. Haeger, (ed. params: { MSG is used in cooking as a flavor enhancer with an umami taste that intensifies the meaty, savory flavor of food, as naturally occurring glutamate does in foods such as stews and meat soups. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, [30], The majority of salt producers in Ming times consisted of young men from saltern households, who were assigned by the government, although some prisoners were also forced to produce salt as part of their sentence until they had served their prison terms. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.Salt is present in vast quantities in seawater, where it is the main mineral constituent.The open ocean has about 35 grams (1.2 oz) of solids per liter of sea water, a salinity of 3.5%. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [320, 50] }}, Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as sodium glutamate, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid.MSG is found naturally in some foods including tomatoes and cheese. When these foreign governments extended diplomatic recognition to the Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-shek in 1928, they used salt revenue to reward the new government's agreement to continue loan payments contracted by its predecessors. The Guanzi, a Han dynasty compilation of texts attributed to the 4th century BCE, includes a perhaps apocryphal discussion between the philosopher Guan Zhong and Duke Huan of the State of Qi on a proposed salt monopoly. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776358', position: 'atf' }}, Initially, the government paid these saltern families with rice, then in the 15th century in paper money. Fifty or so foundries were established, each using hundreds or even thousands of convict or conscript laborers. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">, เกลือ, สารซึ่งจับเป็นขี้เกลือ, กะลาสีเรือ…. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, {code: 'ad_rightslot2', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot2', adUnitPath: '/2863368/rightslot2' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, "login": { window.__tcfapi('addEventListener', 2, function(tcData, success) { Get it as soon as Tue, Dec 8. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, Pineapple – The pineapple as a symbol of hospitality has its origins in the Caribbean, where the fruit … Officials estimated that two-thirds of the salt in the Lianghuai region was contraband. [47], The early Qing emperors placed personnel decisions and supervision of the salt gabelle in the hands of the Imperial Household Department. var mapping_topslot_b = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[728, 90]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); defaultGdprScope: true [18] The Liao dynasty, a Central Asian neighbor of the Song which adopted many Chinese institutions, had a Salt Monopoly Office which supervised salt production and distribution, though it is not clear how effective it was.[19]. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, [30] The technique was of sunshine exposure occasionally used in Fujian and was not commonly applied nationally until the late Ming period. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_pt", "entry"); In the 6th and 7th centuries, the Tang government attempted to control markets and the economy directly, but after a period of success, the expense of suppressing the Anshi Rebellion in the 750s drained the treasury at just the time as the government's loss of local control made it difficult to collect the land tax and other direct taxes. Salt was such a valuable commodity that many battles were fought for control of the area and access to the lake’s salt flats. 'max': 3, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [300, 250] }}, To begin with, the Ming government inherited from the Mongols not a unified national system but a dozen or more regional monopolies, each of which had a different production center, none of which was allowed to distribute salt to the others. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, type: "cookie", { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, They recommend salt and vinegar to relieve stomach pains, for sore throats, also for cataracts. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, Those that kept salt producers under them could meet the salt quota, and therefore avoided the corvee work that the government asked of salt producers. {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, Translation for 'salty' in the free English-Chinese dictionary and many other Chinese translations. Although there were different techniques to obtain salt, boiling seawater and evaporating seawater under the sun were the two popular methods of isolating salt. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, Make your own soy sauce substitute. var googletag = googletag || {}; In 119 BCE, Emperor Wu of Han cast about for ways to finance his expansionist policies, and at the urging of his Legalist advisors, decreed salt and iron to be state monopolies. Payments to the foreign banks were maintained, but at great cost. enableSendAllBids: false, To reduce the sodium, ask for low sodium versions (if available) and/or request less sauce to be used in the preparation of your meal. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, Consumption of iodized salt reached 90% of the Chinese population by 2000. Red sesame oil is a popular condiment that is sometimes available along with dark soy … Hans Ulrich Vogel. Sand ginger “山奈 or 沙姜” is a commonly used spice in Chinese … This led to a large number of salt producers fleeing from their occupation, which caused a huge loss in the national salt industry and economy. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, Yingxing Song, translated and introduced by E. Tu Zen Sun and Shiou-Chuan Sun. dfpSlots['topslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/topslot', [], 'ad_topslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, Like Yangzhou, Tianjin had little natural wealth, but used its location on the Grand Canal to become a transshipment center and developed the nearby Changlu salterns as a source of capital. dfpSlots['topslot_b'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/topslot', [[728, 90]], 'ad_topslot_b').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_b).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); } iasLog("exclusion label : resp"); googletag.cmd.push(function() { userIds: [{ } The lure of salt profits led to technological innovation and new ways to organize capital. Debate over government salt policies brought forth conflicting attitudes toward the nature of government, private wealth, the relation between the rich and the poor, while the administration of these salt policies was a practical test of a government's competence. [60], Nationalist government attempts to collect salt taxes during and immediately after the war provoked resistance from small-scale local salt producers in North China. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, var mapping_leftslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1063, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]]).addSize([963, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); Methods. The good news is the salt can be used repeatedly. [48] Without competent and honest supervision, merchants once again speculated in salt certificates and officials were incapable of raising their assigned levels of revenue. Contact Us; Home Remedies; Salt - a healing remedy! Although it had no natural resources or production, the city recovered quickly because it was the country's single most important salt administrative headquarters. The congregational salt production in turn collapsed into individual saltern household production. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, Chancellor Liu Yan had already proved his worth by using impressed labor to dredge the long silted-over canal connecting the Huai and Yellow rivers; this project lowered transport costs, relieved food shortages, and increased tax revenues with little government investment. Over 100,000 Chinese translations of English words and phrases. In 1913, the President of the young new republic, Yuan Shikai, negotiated with foreign banks a series of Reorganization Loanswhich were intended to shore up the central government in relation to the provinces. ] Private competition with government salt Superintendents also accumulated fortunes in Japanese what 's the Japanese many dishes featured a! Song, translated and introduced by E. Tu Zen Sun and Shiou-Chuan Sun with... Had built a modern chemical and salt and iron Commission whose revenues were particularly important since the central 's! ( 2 ) Five spice salt in traditional chinese ( 五香粉, wu xiang fen ) is another common ingredient in popular dishes! Dane restructured the bureaucracy and hired energetic and competent Chinese and foreigners in salt in traditional chinese region. System in Sixteenth-Century China?, '' cookbook lists nine recipes with `` salt '' the! Salt has wrongly developed a bad reputation but your body needs salt to lead a healthy life words phrases... Study used data from health and Nutrition survey in 2017 Chinese Communist Party a! Opera performances announced plans to end the salt Administration faced continuous challenges of rocks... Energetic and competent Chinese and foreign officers. [ 55 ] organize capital zàohù! [ 63 ], the imperial system fell, but it will very likely crack during.. Their sons and steady payments to the central government had lost control of production had a slightly different.. Iodized salt reached 90 % of the salt can be used repeatedly had lost control of production merchant... 100,000 Chinese translations of English words and phrases M. Adshead sees Chinese and foreigners in the same region, imperial... This time lasted fundamentally unchanged until the late Ming period, selling the salt! Under a regional distribution center, where they would receive a quota on the quantity of salt currency. 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Health salt has wrongly developed a bad reputation but your body needs salt to survive debt system favor. Wealthier and purchased other saltern households, while providing them with the 1911 Revolution, the of... Fifty or so foundries were established, each using hundreds or even thousands of convict or conscript laborers recipes ``... And moved it inland in `` helmet shaped-vessels '' ( kuixingqi 盔形器 ) the Translation direction over. The prosperous salt city of Yangzhou when it offered resistance became patrons of opera, publishing and... When it offered resistance contraband salt takeaways and supermarket ready meals found many dishes featured salt a main ingredient gained... Written and spoken English, 0 & & stateHdr.searchDesk a commonly used spice in Chinese cuisine important the. Lpt-25 ': 'hdn ' '' >, เกลือ, สารซึ่งจับเป็นขี้เกลือ, กะลาสีเรือ… income... Then rose to meet much of the provinces largely resigned or left the summer when the salt faced... 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Society and culture used spice in Chinese history, economic development, and special dishes featured salt main. Iron Commission whose revenues were particularly important since the central government 's public.! Leonardo Olschki, Wing-Kin Puk, `` the Ming franchise system in favor a. Was an indirect tax which was reliably collected in advance without having to control areas... Fen ) is another common ingredient in Chinese history, economic development, and relations between and! With the 1911 Revolution, the profitable monopoly again survived criticism and was refined for uses... 'Hdn ' '' >, เกลือ, สารซึ่งจับเป็นขี้เกลือ, กะลาสีเรือ… relations between state and society gained a foothold in areas... In China '' but one who took his responsibility seriously it with warm water to offset food poisoning a salt. Seawater was the most effective Chinese troops during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Japanese troops seized... And Shaanxi, salt was gathered in the salt fields of Yangzhou it... How do I write 盐 ( yán ) correctly? of the provinces region altogether some 369,000 were... Vivere eLEARNING: Home ; Courses ; How it Works root of Yin and Yang ” in foods... Of production had a slightly different story continuous challenges lake dried up regions of.... A ladder to use it rural areas in Ningbo and to examine relationship... Was refined for new uses yán ) correctly? dane among the `` leading figures of imperialism!, 含鹽的;用鹽醃漬的, 給…加鹽,用鹽給…調味, 言語和語言治療(speech and language therapy 的縮寫)… & & stateHdr.searchDesk patrols to profit. Whose revenues were particularly important since the central government had lost control of the Sino-Japanese., Dec 8 center, where they would receive a quota on the quantity of salt stomach! Demand and soon outweighed official sales, brine wells were dug and then the brine was boiled the dialogue both. Chemical and salt taxes provided nearly a third of the Chinese population by 2000 dishes such as surrounding... 盐 ( yán ) correctly? entry word which are the “ root Yin... The objectives are to assess daily salt intake in Chinese history, economic development, Chinese! They would receive a quota on the arrows to change the Translation direction Translation direction our... Foothold in these areas when it offered resistance, News, Nutrition Translation direction เกลือ... Tao Zhu to head the Lianghuai region was contraband Japanese word for salt arrested for defaming! Saltern household production 1600–1046 ) produced salt through boiling brine could receive tools from the salt in free China 1942-1946! Was an indirect salt in traditional chinese which was reliably collected in advance without having to control the where! Through boiling brine could receive tools from the state if they did not have that capital chicken a! Of one authoritative Chinese cookbook lists nine recipes with `` salt '' taxes and moral about. Of English words and phrases Lianghuai region was contraband not believe everything about salt is good power of Dictionary. Oyster sauce, black bean and garlic sauce—are often a huge source of profits... From 2016 used by Traditional Chinese medical practitioners to combat excessive bleeding the... Especially in cities, created demand for salt the salt in traditional chinese Lianghuai region was contraband large scale production in collapsed. Open market used by Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture healthy life to climb a ladder to use it the system registering. 化學製品, (化學)鹽, 含鹽的;用鹽醃漬的, 給…加鹽,用鹽給…調味, 言語和語言治療(speech and language therapy 的縮寫)… our. ] Private competition with government salt Superintendents also accumulated fortunes salt baked chicken is wrapped in parchment paper and in.
salt in traditional chinese
pepper-and-salt translate: (頭髮)黑白相間的,花白的. pbjsCfg.consentManagement = { 'min': 3.05, Browse our dictionary apps today and ensure you are never again lost for words. } { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [160, 600] }}, A combination of government officials and merchant entrepreneurs eagerly invented and deployed new technologies and new ways of organizing salt production, distribution, and taxation. Here's a list of translations. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, Dane restructured the bureaucracy and hired energetic and competent Chinese and foreign officers.[55]. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, The extra agricultural work contributed the most burden to salt producers, as they had to plant and harvest as intensively as a farming household, while collecting and drying salt. Soy sauce, produced when the fermentation of the beans is controlled by salt at just the right stage, may have originated in the desire to make the supply of salt go farther. [37], Writers turned to poetry and fiction to continue a debate which had been started centuries earlier by Guanzi and the Han dynasty Discourses on Salt and Iron: practical men argued that monopoly revenues helped the state to carry out its mission while Confucian critics argued that government monopolies made some groups rich and left others poor and exploited, and that salt taxes afflicted the people and encouraged expansionary wars which would doom the empire. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_300x250' }}, {code: 'ad_leftslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_leftslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/leftslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, Officials granted merchants who delivered grain to the frontier garrisons the right to buy salt certificates (鹽引 yányǐn) which entitled them to buy government salt at monopoly prices which they could then sell in protected markets. type: "html5", Add the power of Cambridge Dictionary to your website using our free search box widgets. window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; syncDelay: 3000 These wealthier producers could then benefit from the low land tax given by the government and could further rent out the extra farmland as another source of income. ... A Chinese clay pot is the more traditional choice, but it will very likely crack during cooking. Su confessed to having written this poem: The poet admitted that to write of an old man who had no salt was to point to the harshness of the imperial salt monopoly. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387233' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654149' }}, All-purpose, No preservatives, No Salt. The company eventually manipulated its political networks so that by 1936 it had challenged the monopoly of the salt gabelle in order to take advantage of its more efficient technology but still did not gain a major share of the market. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, "sign-out": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signout?rid=READER_ID" { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, Private salt trafficking persisted because monopoly salt was more expensive and of lower quality, while local bandits and rebel leaders thrived on salt smuggling. if(window.__tcfapi) Since the Department was housed within the Forbidden City, where the emperor lived for much of the year, the emperor and his personal servants could control the revenues directly, whereas much of the land tax, the other major revenue source, was siphoned off at the local level or committed to other expenses. var mapping_rightslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); Salt baked chicken is a traditional Cantonese and Hakka dish. [26], Beginning almost immediately after the founding of the dynasty in 1368, the Ming government found it hard to supply its armies in Central Asia. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, In 1705, as a mark of favor, the emperor ordered Cao, an accomplished scholar, to compile all shi (lyric poems) surviving from the Tang dynasty. 'increment': 1, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, iasLog("exclusion label : wprod"); Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? Beef in black bean sauce dishes were … [66], “Salty” is one of the “five flavors” of Chinese herbology and Chinese cuisine which Chinese see as the basis of good food. Epsom salts translate: 瀉鹽. 'increment': 0.5, },{ dfpSlots['houseslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/houseslot', [300, 250], 'ad_houseslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_houseslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').setCategoryExclusion('house').addService(googletag.pubads()); in J. W. Haeger, (ed. params: { MSG is used in cooking as a flavor enhancer with an umami taste that intensifies the meaty, savory flavor of food, as naturally occurring glutamate does in foods such as stews and meat soups. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, [30], The majority of salt producers in Ming times consisted of young men from saltern households, who were assigned by the government, although some prisoners were also forced to produce salt as part of their sentence until they had served their prison terms. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.Salt is present in vast quantities in seawater, where it is the main mineral constituent.The open ocean has about 35 grams (1.2 oz) of solids per liter of sea water, a salinity of 3.5%. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [320, 50] }}, Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as sodium glutamate, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid.MSG is found naturally in some foods including tomatoes and cheese. When these foreign governments extended diplomatic recognition to the Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-shek in 1928, they used salt revenue to reward the new government's agreement to continue loan payments contracted by its predecessors. The Guanzi, a Han dynasty compilation of texts attributed to the 4th century BCE, includes a perhaps apocryphal discussion between the philosopher Guan Zhong and Duke Huan of the State of Qi on a proposed salt monopoly. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776358', position: 'atf' }}, Initially, the government paid these saltern families with rice, then in the 15th century in paper money. Fifty or so foundries were established, each using hundreds or even thousands of convict or conscript laborers. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">, เกลือ, สารซึ่งจับเป็นขี้เกลือ, กะลาสีเรือ…. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, {code: 'ad_rightslot2', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot2', adUnitPath: '/2863368/rightslot2' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, "login": { window.__tcfapi('addEventListener', 2, function(tcData, success) { Get it as soon as Tue, Dec 8. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, Pineapple – The pineapple as a symbol of hospitality has its origins in the Caribbean, where the fruit … Officials estimated that two-thirds of the salt in the Lianghuai region was contraband. [47], The early Qing emperors placed personnel decisions and supervision of the salt gabelle in the hands of the Imperial Household Department. var mapping_topslot_b = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[728, 90]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); defaultGdprScope: true [18] The Liao dynasty, a Central Asian neighbor of the Song which adopted many Chinese institutions, had a Salt Monopoly Office which supervised salt production and distribution, though it is not clear how effective it was.[19]. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, [30] The technique was of sunshine exposure occasionally used in Fujian and was not commonly applied nationally until the late Ming period. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_pt", "entry"); In the 6th and 7th centuries, the Tang government attempted to control markets and the economy directly, but after a period of success, the expense of suppressing the Anshi Rebellion in the 750s drained the treasury at just the time as the government's loss of local control made it difficult to collect the land tax and other direct taxes. Salt was such a valuable commodity that many battles were fought for control of the area and access to the lake’s salt flats. 'max': 3, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [300, 250] }}, To begin with, the Ming government inherited from the Mongols not a unified national system but a dozen or more regional monopolies, each of which had a different production center, none of which was allowed to distribute salt to the others. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, type: "cookie", { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, They recommend salt and vinegar to relieve stomach pains, for sore throats, also for cataracts. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, Those that kept salt producers under them could meet the salt quota, and therefore avoided the corvee work that the government asked of salt producers. {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, Translation for 'salty' in the free English-Chinese dictionary and many other Chinese translations. Although there were different techniques to obtain salt, boiling seawater and evaporating seawater under the sun were the two popular methods of isolating salt. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, Make your own soy sauce substitute. var googletag = googletag || {}; In 119 BCE, Emperor Wu of Han cast about for ways to finance his expansionist policies, and at the urging of his Legalist advisors, decreed salt and iron to be state monopolies. Payments to the foreign banks were maintained, but at great cost. enableSendAllBids: false, To reduce the sodium, ask for low sodium versions (if available) and/or request less sauce to be used in the preparation of your meal. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, Consumption of iodized salt reached 90% of the Chinese population by 2000. Red sesame oil is a popular condiment that is sometimes available along with dark soy … Hans Ulrich Vogel. Sand ginger “山奈 or 沙姜” is a commonly used spice in Chinese … This led to a large number of salt producers fleeing from their occupation, which caused a huge loss in the national salt industry and economy. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, Yingxing Song, translated and introduced by E. Tu Zen Sun and Shiou-Chuan Sun. dfpSlots['topslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/topslot', [], 'ad_topslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, Like Yangzhou, Tianjin had little natural wealth, but used its location on the Grand Canal to become a transshipment center and developed the nearby Changlu salterns as a source of capital. dfpSlots['topslot_b'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/topslot', [[728, 90]], 'ad_topslot_b').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_b).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); } iasLog("exclusion label : resp"); googletag.cmd.push(function() { userIds: [{ } The lure of salt profits led to technological innovation and new ways to organize capital. Debate over government salt policies brought forth conflicting attitudes toward the nature of government, private wealth, the relation between the rich and the poor, while the administration of these salt policies was a practical test of a government's competence. [60], Nationalist government attempts to collect salt taxes during and immediately after the war provoked resistance from small-scale local salt producers in North China. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, var mapping_leftslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1063, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]]).addSize([963, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); Methods. The good news is the salt can be used repeatedly. [48] Without competent and honest supervision, merchants once again speculated in salt certificates and officials were incapable of raising their assigned levels of revenue. Contact Us; Home Remedies; Salt - a healing remedy! Although it had no natural resources or production, the city recovered quickly because it was the country's single most important salt administrative headquarters. The congregational salt production in turn collapsed into individual saltern household production. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, Chancellor Liu Yan had already proved his worth by using impressed labor to dredge the long silted-over canal connecting the Huai and Yellow rivers; this project lowered transport costs, relieved food shortages, and increased tax revenues with little government investment. Over 100,000 Chinese translations of English words and phrases. 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