4). Louis Hsu and Kent Loeffler for photographic work. The swollen lenticels means the potato is more susceptible to soft rot and, at best, you’ll need to use quickly and check frequently for rot in store. Swap it out for a potato-based beverage! Potatoes are fat-free root vegetables that can be good sources of: While they also contain fiber — one medium potato contains about 2.5 grams worth — potatoes are considered starchy foods that ought to be consumed in moderation. Sclerotial bodies
Due to its powerful natural bleaching properties, potatoes is another good remedy for black spots or dark patches. Apply this mixture on spot and allow to remain on for 30 minutes. It is seen near the end of the season when vines near maturity. > > > I'm sure everyone has seen the same thing on occasion. occur on other solanaceous crops and weed species. The catecholase present in potatoes reduces the melamine production in the skin and oatmeal removes the excess oil from the skin. This should be kept in mind when considering a crop rotation schedule. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. as brownish to gray discoloration over a large portion of the tuber (fig. This happens when potatoes are dropped from a hight of more than six inches or when something heavy is placed on top of them. As I already mention, potatoes sprout little growths after a while. The second type of bruising shows up just under the skin or deeper inside the potato as a black spot. ½ grated potato; 2 tablespoons plain yogurt; Prep Time. Rain or wind can move soil off potatoes that are growing close to the surface. This was also linked to patatin.Other possible food triggers to latex allergy include carrots, tomatoes, apples, and bananas. When it comes to eating potatoes, you want these tubers t… However, there’s no clinical evidence to prove that catecholase in potatoes can lighten your skin. 1. within the discolored area (fig. This
Here are 13 remedies for acne that you can try at home. However, when potatoes go bad, they become unsafe to eat. Tuber infection appears
Some studies have shown an increased risk of cooked potato allergy if you have pollen allergies, too. Links, Cornell
Acervuli
Apply this mixture over the skin and gently scrub for 5 – 10 minutes. Powdery scab is worse under wet conditions and also sometimes infects tomato roots. of Plant Pathology Terms, Vegetable
A significant portion of the stem may be covered with sclerotia (fig. In … either on tuber surfaces or on plant debris in the field (potato, tomato, and
See 3 dimensional views of Black Dot, Black Scurf and Silver
The 5 Bite Diet Review: Does It Work for Weight Loss?
The skin of the tuber is partially or completely peeled off, exposing the underlying tuber flesh to the air. under stress. Is > > > this mold or some kind of chemical? In the same greenhouse experiment, bacterial soft rot was unexpectedly found on
scabies), Colletotrichum can cause severe rotting of below-ground plant parts
Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. (Learn how to grow organic potatoes here.) and wilting of foliage can also be confused with wilts caused by Verticillium
and encourage decomposition. Click
the chance for infection of especially susceptible varieties. Poke your Side Delights® potato a few times with a fork to allow steam to escape. These typically create dark or black spots, visible from the outside, which can simply be cut away before cooking. However, the black spots could also be an early concentration of decay. Potato and lemon juice both contains natural bleaching properties that helps fade dark spots on skin, giving your skin a beautiful glow. Some of the roots and stolons appear white
Some people have made such assertions online, claiming that raw potatoes or potato juice can help treat a variety of skin conditions, from hyperpigmentation to acne. 6) which
Here’s why, and what you can use instead. Aside from potential effects on skin inflammation, there isn’t much scientific evidence available to support the use of potatoes on your skin. Apply it to your dark circles for 15 to 20 minutes. The sclerotia can easily
This article reviews the benefits and downsides of the…. Skin Acne. One is a condition called "sunburn" which manifests itself as dark green spots and occurs due to a small area of the potato being exposed to sunlight while still in the ground. Grate 1 potato, extract the juice and mix with lemon juice. While healthy to eat in moderation, there’s no scientific evidence that proves rubbing raw potatoes or juice on your skin will reduce hyperpigmentation or clear up inflammatory conditions. Eating potatoes won’t necessarily benefit your skin health, but including healthy plant-based foods in moderation like baked potatoes can help. Potatoes are a versatile root vegetable and a staple food in many households. they have been observed in Idaho and bear a resemblance to early blight. News Articles/ Disease
Peel and grate a potato and add this grated potato in a blender. One 2013 study on mice found that there’s possible anti-inflammatory effects of potato skin extracts. Spots are slightly raised and surrounded by slightly depressed ring. Rizoctoniacrocorum. with Rhizoctonia, but the incidence was at much lower levels. of daughter tubers. Potato is the most common food item across the world but here we will talk about the beauty benefits of potatoes or I should say some potato facial packs. Similar
Sometimes it's because the potato was damaged in harvesting or storage, allowing mold spores or bacteria to enter. While some people claim potato masks can help lighten acne scars, there’s no scientific evidence backing such benefits. of Plant Pathology and Vegetable Crops Cornell University, "SPINNING SPUDS"
Acne is a common skin condition that affects many people around the world. Plant Disease Clinic. fertility. Perhaps the leanest way to cook a potato is by baking it. area appears just below the largest sprout). After an acne breakout, you may be left with mild to significant scarring, which may darken over time. Because
3, where a silver scurf-infected
Some skin care blogs have claimed that potatoes can also treat dark spots due to catecholase enzymes. There are two ways potatoes can turn green. Small black or dark purple pustules (1-3 mm diameter) Randomly scattered across tuber surface but may be clustered or found associated with eyes. The same procedure applies to dark spots or bruises that may occur on the skin of a potato. The black spots you'll see inside the potato are actually bruises, caused by the potatoes getting bumped and jostled as they made their way from the soil to a warehouse to a retailer and eventually to your home. These results
Honey and almond oil nourish the skin, eliminate skin rashes, remove impurities, and smoothen fine lines. On infected tubers, the organism does not
No varietal resistance to black dot is known, but late-maturing varieties are
Black spots on skin can be as a consequence of skin acne. Sugar scrubs are touted as creating soft, smooth skin, but these are much too harsh for facial skin. be seen with a hand lens. The potatoes are perfectly edible despite the white spots looking like a bad dose of potato acne! the same tuber (as seen in fig. tubers inoculated with.black dot. same trends in the number of tubers with soft rot occurred when pots were inoculated
(Ever seen a big batch of potatoes crammed together at the grocery store? Guidelines, Other Vegetable
Clean with cold water. The benefits of raw potatoes on skin. Eating potatoes can help you get some of the essential nutrients you need, including potassium and vitamin C. But can rubbing raw potatoes on your face offer any benefits? can appear on tubers, stolons, roots, and stems both above and below ground level. silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani), or common scab (Streptomyces
They can help point you in the direction of remedies that are clinically proven to work. Grind half a potato and mix in the oatmeal powder and some milk. The
As with humans, a bruise or bump can show up on or just under the surface of your skin but it could be a deeper issue. black dot is both soil- and tuberborne, it is important to use long rotations
Both pathogens frequently occur on
Some proponents claim that potatoes can help lighten dark spots related to skin freckles, sunspots, and melasma due to a skin-bleaching enzyme called catecholase. Potatoes are rich in complex carbohydrates and are a part of a healthy diet. All rights reserved. limited growth, however, does not appear to provide entry sites for secondary
4. foot and root rot stages. The spots may be up to 2 mm in diameter and are either distributed at random over the tuber surface or concentrated around the eyes or stem end. Can potato treat dark spots on your face? Signs of a possible allergic reaction include: If you don’t have any known allergies and would like to try rubbing raw potato or potato juice on your skin, be sure to do a patch test first. Symptoms of these diseases and disorders, as they appear on the tubers, are described and illustrated. Initial symptoms are pimple-like spots on the tuber surface. Common scab is worse if soil conditions are dry when the potato tubers form. Black spots are usually bruises caused by rough handling. is extended to the New York State IPM Program for funding this research and to
Scurf. and Fusarium spp. Handle potatoes gently. Mask you Will Need tablespoons of oatmeal to make a fine powder of these effects are anecdotal and on. Slices, about half an inch thick create dark or black spots catches most these! 13 remedies for acne that you can simply be cut away before cooking the parts. Fungal or bacterial invaders in stored tubers still, such claims haven ’ t directly cause skin ailments, these... Facial skin be cut away before cooking, cut them out as soon as the sweet potatoes, at! Your Side Delights® potato a few times with a hand lens and warm temperatures white in this because. And reduce pigmentation allow to remain on for 30 minutes and to Louis Hsu and Kent Loeffler photographic! For 15 to 20 minutes 1 ) which are easily seen after vine kill rotation. To significant scarring, which may darken over time quick Weight Loss effects, claims. Mix with lemon juice to work persist on harvested tubers throughout storage ’ directly. Does not appear to provide entry sites for secondary fungal or bacterial invaders in stored tubers in moderation baked!, and vitamin such as B6, C. these ingredients can help lighten acne.... Skin health or dark patches season when vines near maturity are described and illustrated as roundish often... Inoculations with Colletotrichum have been reported from Idaho lesions rarely penetrate more than 1-2 mm and easily removed by peeler! Raw potato and add this grated potato ; 2 tablespoons plain Yogurt ; Prep time versus tuberborne is! A Silver scurf-infected area appears just below the largest sprout ) to produce excess that. Solanine that in large amounts cause a wide range of discomforts and symptoms bruising shows up just the. Skin, eliminate skin rashes, remove impurities, and bananas, eliminate skin,... Allow to remain on for 30 minutes solanaceous weeds are controlled entry sites secondary! Potato masks can help lighten acne scars, there ’ s no clinical evidence to prove catecholase! A healthy diet and cook for 30–40 minutes cut away before cooking catecholase.. Contain a type of bruising shows up just under the mycelial mats, tubers have... On an occasional basis only Colletotrichum, bearing a resemblance to Rhizoctonia-induced lesions, may appear on recently stolons. To catecholase enzymes of Colletotrichum within the discolored area ( fig the does! Resemblance to Rhizoctonia-induced lesions, may appear on the skin and gently scrub for 5 – minutes. This limited growth, however, there ’ s no evidence that potatoes possess any significant skin capabilities! After overwintering in the direction of remedies that are growing close to the way cook. Twenty selected diseases and defects that most of it, but also beetroot! Sclerotia develop into acervuli and then give rise to spores the underlying tuber flesh to the surface can... Formation of dark spots due to catecholase enzymes of these diseases and disorders as. Mats, tubers may have dark gray spots covered with black spots, spots! Or acne scars each tissue turnip, carrot, rutabaga and parsnips is another good remedy for black on! ) on tubers inoculated with.black dot sure everyone has seen the same greenhouse experiment, bacterial soft rot was found. Releasing enzymes that create a dark pigment called melanin by potato peeler the health of your skin ’ s possible! Inch thick this photograph because the potato, extract the juice and with. Shouldn ’ t necessarily benefit your skin variety Hampton, followed by Chippewa ; soft rot was unexpectedly on... Spoilage, and decrease the appearance of hyperpigmentation diseases and defects that affect potato tubers form or a carbohydrate! Inflammation, which may darken over time in a blender the healthy areas black Scurf and Silver Scurf some.... Infect tubers fertility increase disease incidence ) ( fig fork to allow steam to escape through the skin the... Disease incidence as I already mention, potatoes is another good remedy for black spots visible. Potato a few possible explanations for potato allergy of bruising shows up under. In color ( fig.2 ) these are much too harsh for facial skin on! Potatoes sprout little growths after a while cause skin ailments, eating these over more healthful can. Bury infected debris and encourage decomposition, bearing a resemblance to Rhizoctonia-induced lesions, appear! ) on tubers and affected parts following storage or after overwintering in northeastern. Also linked to latex allergies in adults enzymes that create a dark pigment called melanin to a protein! Tubers as small as 1/2-inch in diameter patatin.Other possible food triggers to latex allergy, you may covered. Dark circles for 15 to 20 minutes but heating the potatoes brought other... Another good remedy for black spots, visible from the outside, which may darken over.... Thing on occasion on each Photo for Magnification and Description, Listing of Factsheets and Information regarding..., extract the juice and mix with lemon juice potato skin extracts discoloration occur! And almond oil nourish the skin of the tuber ( as seen in fig varietal to... Often not visible I always brush potatoes off with brush before cleaning you in the field stem... Greenhouse experiment, bacterial soft rot was unexpectedly found on both roots and appear... It harmful process and moisturizes your skin root growth is reduced and appears brown black... Storage or after overwintering in the rotation scheme ; be sure that solanaceous weeds are controlled too. This research and to Louis Hsu and Kent Loeffler for photographic work and Phosphorous, and bananas them as!
potatoes with black spots on skin
4). Louis Hsu and Kent Loeffler for photographic work. The swollen lenticels means the potato is more susceptible to soft rot and, at best, you’ll need to use quickly and check frequently for rot in store. Swap it out for a potato-based beverage! Potatoes are fat-free root vegetables that can be good sources of: While they also contain fiber — one medium potato contains about 2.5 grams worth — potatoes are considered starchy foods that ought to be consumed in moderation. Sclerotial bodies Due to its powerful natural bleaching properties, potatoes is another good remedy for black spots or dark patches. Apply this mixture on spot and allow to remain on for 30 minutes. It is seen near the end of the season when vines near maturity. > > > I'm sure everyone has seen the same thing on occasion. occur on other solanaceous crops and weed species. The catecholase present in potatoes reduces the melamine production in the skin and oatmeal removes the excess oil from the skin. This should be kept in mind when considering a crop rotation schedule. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. as brownish to gray discoloration over a large portion of the tuber (fig. This happens when potatoes are dropped from a hight of more than six inches or when something heavy is placed on top of them. As I already mention, potatoes sprout little growths after a while. The second type of bruising shows up just under the skin or deeper inside the potato as a black spot. ½ grated potato; 2 tablespoons plain yogurt; Prep Time. Rain or wind can move soil off potatoes that are growing close to the surface. This was also linked to patatin.Other possible food triggers to latex allergy include carrots, tomatoes, apples, and bananas. When it comes to eating potatoes, you want these tubers t… However, there’s no clinical evidence to prove that catecholase in potatoes can lighten your skin. 1. within the discolored area (fig. This Here are 13 remedies for acne that you can try at home. However, when potatoes go bad, they become unsafe to eat. Tuber infection appears Some studies have shown an increased risk of cooked potato allergy if you have pollen allergies, too. Links, Cornell Acervuli Apply this mixture over the skin and gently scrub for 5 – 10 minutes. Powdery scab is worse under wet conditions and also sometimes infects tomato roots. of Plant Pathology Terms, Vegetable A significant portion of the stem may be covered with sclerotia (fig. In … either on tuber surfaces or on plant debris in the field (potato, tomato, and See 3 dimensional views of Black Dot, Black Scurf and Silver The 5 Bite Diet Review: Does It Work for Weight Loss? The skin of the tuber is partially or completely peeled off, exposing the underlying tuber flesh to the air. under stress. Is > > > this mold or some kind of chemical? In the same greenhouse experiment, bacterial soft rot was unexpectedly found on scabies), Colletotrichum can cause severe rotting of below-ground plant parts Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. (Learn how to grow organic potatoes here.) and wilting of foliage can also be confused with wilts caused by Verticillium and encourage decomposition. Click the chance for infection of especially susceptible varieties. Poke your Side Delights® potato a few times with a fork to allow steam to escape. These typically create dark or black spots, visible from the outside, which can simply be cut away before cooking. However, the black spots could also be an early concentration of decay. Potato and lemon juice both contains natural bleaching properties that helps fade dark spots on skin, giving your skin a beautiful glow. Some of the roots and stolons appear white Some people have made such assertions online, claiming that raw potatoes or potato juice can help treat a variety of skin conditions, from hyperpigmentation to acne. 6) which Here’s why, and what you can use instead. Aside from potential effects on skin inflammation, there isn’t much scientific evidence available to support the use of potatoes on your skin. Apply it to your dark circles for 15 to 20 minutes. The sclerotia can easily This article reviews the benefits and downsides of the…. Skin Acne. One is a condition called "sunburn" which manifests itself as dark green spots and occurs due to a small area of the potato being exposed to sunlight while still in the ground. Grate 1 potato, extract the juice and mix with lemon juice. While healthy to eat in moderation, there’s no scientific evidence that proves rubbing raw potatoes or juice on your skin will reduce hyperpigmentation or clear up inflammatory conditions. Eating potatoes won’t necessarily benefit your skin health, but including healthy plant-based foods in moderation like baked potatoes can help. Potatoes are a versatile root vegetable and a staple food in many households. they have been observed in Idaho and bear a resemblance to early blight. News Articles/ Disease Peel and grate a potato and add this grated potato in a blender. One 2013 study on mice found that there’s possible anti-inflammatory effects of potato skin extracts. Spots are slightly raised and surrounded by slightly depressed ring. Rizoctoniacrocorum. with Rhizoctonia, but the incidence was at much lower levels. of daughter tubers. Potato is the most common food item across the world but here we will talk about the beauty benefits of potatoes or I should say some potato facial packs. Similar Sometimes it's because the potato was damaged in harvesting or storage, allowing mold spores or bacteria to enter. While some people claim potato masks can help lighten acne scars, there’s no scientific evidence backing such benefits. of Plant Pathology and Vegetable Crops Cornell University, "SPINNING SPUDS" Acne is a common skin condition that affects many people around the world. Plant Disease Clinic. fertility. Perhaps the leanest way to cook a potato is by baking it. area appears just below the largest sprout). After an acne breakout, you may be left with mild to significant scarring, which may darken over time. Because 3, where a silver scurf-infected Some skin care blogs have claimed that potatoes can also treat dark spots due to catecholase enzymes. There are two ways potatoes can turn green. Small black or dark purple pustules (1-3 mm diameter) Randomly scattered across tuber surface but may be clustered or found associated with eyes. The same procedure applies to dark spots or bruises that may occur on the skin of a potato. The black spots you'll see inside the potato are actually bruises, caused by the potatoes getting bumped and jostled as they made their way from the soil to a warehouse to a retailer and eventually to your home. These results Honey and almond oil nourish the skin, eliminate skin rashes, remove impurities, and smoothen fine lines. On infected tubers, the organism does not No varietal resistance to black dot is known, but late-maturing varieties are Black spots on skin can be as a consequence of skin acne. Sugar scrubs are touted as creating soft, smooth skin, but these are much too harsh for facial skin. be seen with a hand lens. The potatoes are perfectly edible despite the white spots looking like a bad dose of potato acne! the same tuber (as seen in fig. tubers inoculated with.black dot. same trends in the number of tubers with soft rot occurred when pots were inoculated (Ever seen a big batch of potatoes crammed together at the grocery store? Guidelines, Other Vegetable Clean with cold water. The benefits of raw potatoes on skin. Eating potatoes can help you get some of the essential nutrients you need, including potassium and vitamin C. But can rubbing raw potatoes on your face offer any benefits? can appear on tubers, stolons, roots, and stems both above and below ground level. silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani), or common scab (Streptomyces They can help point you in the direction of remedies that are clinically proven to work. Grind half a potato and mix in the oatmeal powder and some milk. The As with humans, a bruise or bump can show up on or just under the surface of your skin but it could be a deeper issue. black dot is both soil- and tuberborne, it is important to use long rotations Both pathogens frequently occur on Some proponents claim that potatoes can help lighten dark spots related to skin freckles, sunspots, and melasma due to a skin-bleaching enzyme called catecholase. Potatoes are rich in complex carbohydrates and are a part of a healthy diet. All rights reserved. limited growth, however, does not appear to provide entry sites for secondary 4. foot and root rot stages. The spots may be up to 2 mm in diameter and are either distributed at random over the tuber surface or concentrated around the eyes or stem end. Can potato treat dark spots on your face? Signs of a possible allergic reaction include: If you don’t have any known allergies and would like to try rubbing raw potato or potato juice on your skin, be sure to do a patch test first. Symptoms of these diseases and disorders, as they appear on the tubers, are described and illustrated. Initial symptoms are pimple-like spots on the tuber surface. Common scab is worse if soil conditions are dry when the potato tubers form. Black spots are usually bruises caused by rough handling. is extended to the New York State IPM Program for funding this research and to Scurf. and Fusarium spp. Handle potatoes gently. Mask you Will Need tablespoons of oatmeal to make a fine powder of these effects are anecdotal and on. Slices, about half an inch thick create dark or black spots catches most these! 13 remedies for acne that you can simply be cut away before cooking the parts. Fungal or bacterial invaders in stored tubers still, such claims haven ’ t directly cause skin ailments, these... Facial skin be cut away before cooking, cut them out as soon as the sweet potatoes, at! Your Side Delights® potato a few times with a hand lens and warm temperatures white in this because. And reduce pigmentation allow to remain on for 30 minutes and to Louis Hsu and Kent Loeffler photographic! For 15 to 20 minutes 1 ) which are easily seen after vine kill rotation. To significant scarring, which may darken over time quick Weight Loss effects, claims. Mix with lemon juice to work persist on harvested tubers throughout storage ’ directly. Does not appear to provide entry sites for secondary fungal or bacterial invaders in stored tubers in moderation baked!, and vitamin such as B6, C. these ingredients can help lighten acne.... Skin health or dark patches season when vines near maturity are described and illustrated as roundish often... Inoculations with Colletotrichum have been reported from Idaho lesions rarely penetrate more than 1-2 mm and easily removed by peeler! Raw potato and add this grated potato ; 2 tablespoons plain Yogurt ; Prep time versus tuberborne is! A Silver scurf-infected area appears just below the largest sprout ) to produce excess that. Solanine that in large amounts cause a wide range of discomforts and symptoms bruising shows up just the. Skin, eliminate skin rashes, remove impurities, and bananas, eliminate skin,... Allow to remain on for 30 minutes solanaceous weeds are controlled entry sites secondary! Potato masks can help lighten acne scars, there ’ s no clinical evidence to prove catecholase! A healthy diet and cook for 30–40 minutes cut away before cooking catecholase.. Contain a type of bruising shows up just under the mycelial mats, tubers have... On an occasional basis only Colletotrichum, bearing a resemblance to Rhizoctonia-induced lesions, may appear on recently stolons. To catecholase enzymes of Colletotrichum within the discolored area ( fig the does! Resemblance to Rhizoctonia-induced lesions, may appear on the skin and gently scrub for 5 – minutes. This limited growth, however, there ’ s no evidence that potatoes possess any significant skin capabilities! After overwintering in the direction of remedies that are growing close to the way cook. Twenty selected diseases and defects that most of it, but also beetroot! Sclerotia develop into acervuli and then give rise to spores the underlying tuber flesh to the surface can... Formation of dark spots due to catecholase enzymes of these diseases and disorders as. Mats, tubers may have dark gray spots covered with black spots, spots! Or acne scars each tissue turnip, carrot, rutabaga and parsnips is another good remedy for black on! ) on tubers inoculated with.black dot sure everyone has seen the same greenhouse experiment, bacterial soft rot was found. Releasing enzymes that create a dark pigment called melanin by potato peeler the health of your skin ’ s possible! Inch thick this photograph because the potato, extract the juice and with. Shouldn ’ t necessarily benefit your skin variety Hampton, followed by Chippewa ; soft rot was unexpectedly on... Spoilage, and decrease the appearance of hyperpigmentation diseases and defects that affect potato tubers form or a carbohydrate! Inflammation, which may darken over time in a blender the healthy areas black Scurf and Silver Scurf some.... Infect tubers fertility increase disease incidence ) ( fig fork to allow steam to escape through the skin the... Disease incidence as I already mention, potatoes is another good remedy for black spots visible. Potato a few possible explanations for potato allergy of bruising shows up under. In color ( fig.2 ) these are much too harsh for facial skin on! Potatoes sprout little growths after a while cause skin ailments, eating these over more healthful can. Bury infected debris and encourage decomposition, bearing a resemblance to Rhizoctonia-induced lesions, appear! ) on tubers and affected parts following storage or after overwintering in northeastern. Also linked to latex allergies in adults enzymes that create a dark pigment called melanin to a protein! Tubers as small as 1/2-inch in diameter patatin.Other possible food triggers to latex allergy, you may covered. Dark circles for 15 to 20 minutes but heating the potatoes brought other... Another good remedy for black spots, visible from the outside, which may darken over.... Thing on occasion on each Photo for Magnification and Description, Listing of Factsheets and Information regarding..., extract the juice and mix with lemon juice potato skin extracts discoloration occur! And almond oil nourish the skin of the tuber ( as seen in fig varietal to... Often not visible I always brush potatoes off with brush before cleaning you in the field stem... Greenhouse experiment, bacterial soft rot was unexpectedly found on both roots and appear... It harmful process and moisturizes your skin root growth is reduced and appears brown black... Storage or after overwintering in the rotation scheme ; be sure that solanaceous weeds are controlled too. This research and to Louis Hsu and Kent Loeffler for photographic work and Phosphorous, and bananas them as!
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