“Health inequalities are differences between people or groups due to social, geographical, biological or other factors. In my opinion, the UK is one of the leading health care services in the world despite existing inequalities, but can be improved by further understanding and improving these inequalities, who have been only recently assessed. Poor health is a condition of inability to perform physically, mentally or socially of what is required from a person. 5-68. -Campbell F (2010). Looking for a flexible role? As seen below, the proportion of men and women who deem their health as “not good” increases from around 15 percent in the richest fifth of English households to around 40 percent in the poorest fifth of households. You can view samples of our professional work here. England: Open University Press. 1-20. Sciences (1971). Independent inquiry into inequalities in health report. which invaded other nations looted them. Company Registration No: 4964706. Understanding why these inequalities exist despite modern advancements has a significant importance in reducing health care inequalities. (2015). Reference this. Modern hospitals and treatment centres are now commonly accessible across the UK. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. Her work has appeared online and in the pages of publications like "Green Business Quarterly," "Black Ink Magazine" and the "Daily Journal of Commerce. Available: http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity-policy/inequalities-distribution. Availability is a determining factor of inequalities in accessibility in health care. During the 19 th century, inequality in health was mostly due to factors such as overcrowding, insufficient availability to local treatment facilities and poor sanitation (Morning 2015). It has been shown that people with better relationships with their family and friends and who engage in social activities have better prospects to a healthier lifestyle than those who are rather isolated (Campbell, 2010). Available: http://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/projects/marmot-indicators-2015. (The Black Report). The causes of poor health for millions globally are rooted in political, social and economic injustices. But not everyone can afford treatment. According to the Mayo Clinic, chronic stress can cause health problems like depression, insomnia and heart disease 45. If you donât get ⦠In addition, other factors such as gender, mental illness and disability and ethnicity will also be discussed since they also have a major contribution to inequalities in health. This can be a challenge for many of the 48% of ⦠For example, by describing the differences in behaviour that distinct social classes have, i.e. Areas affected can be the social interaction that an individual has every day, the work environment and the balance between home and work paired with their efforts and rewards. Health inequalities and population health. Genetic disorders can be mild, crippling or even deadly. In today’s world, the advancements in medical technology and its expansion have improved the overall health of the population. Figure 2: “Monitoring health care access, quality and outcomes at key stages of the pathway” (Cookson, 2016). For example, individuals who have experienced differences in autonomy or, on the other hand, shame and doubt in childhood will react differently throughout their adult life (Graham, 2009). Poor hygiene can be a sign of self-neglect, which is the inability or unwillingness to attend to one's personal needs.Poor hygiene often accompanies certain mental or emotional disorders, including severe depression and psychotic disorders. HS&DR. The causes of poor health for millions globally are rooted in political, social and economic injustices. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! the behavioural model. By monitoring the fairness of the NHS, the results will make sure that everyone, rich or poor, can receive the care they need to live a long and healthy life (Cookson, 2016). It seeks to explain and understand the mechanisms underlying the associations that can be found between the socio-economic statuses of population groups and their quality of health. -Cookson R (2016) Health equity indicators for the English – final report to the NIHR HS&DR Programme. The inverse care law, first described by Julian Tudor Hart in 1971, states: “The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served” (Hart, 1971). This can lead to difficulty digesting the trigger foods and unpleasant symptoms such as bloating⦠This can be explained by considering the advantages that people in the higher socio-economic groups have. An outcome from the “Health Equity Indicators for the English NHS: Longitudinal whole-population study at small area level” research project showed a great improvement in patient health care by monitoring key stages of the patient pathway (See Figure 2) (Cookson, 2016). Your Emotions. The Black report (DHHS,1980) claims that this model is the most decisive factor leading to health inequalities. Poor oral hygiene is a commonly overlooked cause of poor health. Figure 3: “Equity of primary care supply, Patients per full time equivalent GP, excluding registrars and retainers, adjusted for age, sex and health deprivation” (Asaira, 2016). Factors such as the distance travelled, the transport facilities and communication used, the hospital waiting times, the patient information and knowledge about available treatment and its effectiveness and the costs of all these are considered to contribute to a health care system which is equal to all (Steinbach, 2009; Cookson, 2016). (2008). Long-term cigarette smoking can cause cardiovascular disease, cancer and respiratory problems. To try and describe social class inequalities in health, various models have been introduced into the UK such as the behavioural/cultural model, the materialist model, the psycho-social model and the life-course model (Steinbach,2009; Bartley and Blane, 2008; Bartley, 2004; DHHS, 1980). The equality in the costs of health care can also be disrupted by imposing costs which differ between people. This significant rise is not only manifested in the majority white population but also in other ethnicities in the UK (Graham, 2009). Health care inequalities most commonly arise from socio-economic conditions and are shaped by political, social and economic forces that can create or destroy a person’s health and wellbeing. Addressing the root causes of ill health requires being honest about the extent and location of the poverty, inequality and despair in our society. 297 (7696), p405-412. -Goddard M, Smith P (2001). Brittle, Dry Hair. Why do these disparities still exist in the present day? Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. -Buck D (2016). Such as their dietary choices between healthy and unhealthy food, their prevalence to being in contact with drugs, alcohol and tobacco or the inclination to pursuing active leisure time such as hobbies in addition to their approach to healthy life choices such as immunisation, contraception and antenatal services (Steinbach 2009; Bartley, 2004; DHHS, 1980). Common methods of transmission include breathing, kissing, drinking and having unprotected sex. These disadvantages can ultimately accumulate and worsen through childhood and adulthood (Steinbach, 2009; Bartley, 2004). Elsevier Limited. Nowadays, in our industrialized society, these disadvantages have essentially disappeared. The National Advisory Council on Dental Health (the Council) was established as a time-limited group to provide strategic, independent advice on dental health issues, as requested by Minister for Health and Ageing, to the Government. Social class inequalities have been observed in all ages for all the major diseases. Getting injured can affect your health by causing you to experience pain, stiffness or reduced range of motion. A genetic disorder is one that you inherit from your family members. This encompasses hazards such as air pollution, mold, cold, infestations and respiratory hazards that can arise from bad housing for example. Inequality and social class in Scambler G, Sociology as applied to medicine. The tie between poverty and health most likely goes in both directions, Wolfe says, with an adult in poor health more likely to have lower earnings. These differences have a huge impact, because they result in people who are worst off experiencing poorer health and shorter lives” (NICE, 2012). (Oct 2012). Landmark studies such as the Black report have shown that not only do social class inequalities still exist, they are also widening over time (DHHS,1980). The UK is a high-income society, where greater prosperity and better overall health have been successfully attained without narrowing health inequalities, it can therefore be taken as an example for other societies that manifest similar trends in inequalities (Graham, 2009). -Bartley M, Blane D (2008). Poor health, in turn, traps communities in poverty. Although the connection between SES and health is well established, how SES affects health remains largely undiscovered. Start the fightback to a healthier you today. The role of the NHS in reducing health inequalities: moving beyond fair access to care. On ⦠Chapter Four - Causes of Poor Oral Health. The United Kingdom’s long tradition of research on health inequalities. For example, clinicians might have a bias in treating different patients based on individual characteristics even though they have identical needs. Brushing and flossing your teeth at least twice a day is essential to keeping your mouth clean and healthy. Last accessed 1st Feb 2017. Socioeconomic status exposes one to psychosocial and mate-rial conditions that affect the life course, making SES an important determinant of health. These inequities have significant social and economic costs both to individuals and societies. Top 10 Most Common Health IssuesPhysical Activity and Nutrition.Overweight and Obesity.Tobacco.Substance Abuse.HIV/AIDS.Mental Health.Injury and Violence.Environmental Quality.More items⦠Invasions: Countries like England, France, etc. Brain defects or injury: Defects in or injury to certain areas of the brain have also been linked to ⦠-Bartley M (2004). The World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2008 suggested that “gender differences in health are a result of both biological factors and social factors such as employment, risk taking behaviour, smoking and alcohol” (Campbell, 2010). Other genetic disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, may surface later in life. But many experts outline that since, in the UK, somewhat disadvantaged people receive various kinds of state aids, therefore it can be argued that housing and other materialistic issues are insufficient to account for major inequalities in health outcomes (Steinbach, 2009; Barley, 2004, DHHS, 1980). Equality of access to health care can be achieved by communities by meeting certain requirements. Poverty increases the chances of poor health. Ten common causes of poor health include cigarette smoking, poor diet, inactivity, lack of sleep, infectious diseases, genetic disorders, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, poor oral hygiene and injuries. Itâs thought that food intolerances may be caused by poor quality of bacteria in the gut. poor health. Last accessed 1st Feb 2017. Tamara Moffett is a freelance copywriter with a bachelor's degree in English and over seven years of experience. Dementia is another common cause of poor hygiene. According to Mayo Clinic, not taking care of your teeth and gums can cause tooth decay, gum disease and oral cancer 4. Or, put it other way, diabetics can least ⦠Understanding health care inequalities and its challenges are the aim of this assignment. Injuries can arise from car accidents, falls and improper lifting. Nutrients like iron, folate, and vitamin C are important for your hair. A research project lead by Richard Cookson in 2012 focused on monitoring fairness of the NHS to make sure inequalities don’t get worse and if possible get better. The NHS and current health inequality challenges. Infectious diseases like the flu, chickenpox and HIV sicken and kill millions of people each year. The methods will assess how well the NHS is tackling inequalities across a broad range of issues (Buck, 2016). Chronic diseases are highly effective to result in poor health of a person since it is associated with abnormal functioning or various organs in the body. Poor oral health is really tough on the diabetics. “Self-esteem levels and cardiovascular and inflammatory responses to acute stress”. Exhaustion, poor nutrition, and lack of good care during pregnancy place the woman and her children at risk for poor health. Copyright © 2003 - 2020 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. The access to health care is a supply concern which describes the quality and quantity of services provided to a person and are defined by the health care system itself. Figure 1: “Proportion of women and men aged 16 and over assessing their health as “not good” by income quintile based on equivalized household income, England 2003.” (Graham, 2009). If you find yourself constantly feeling exhausted, even after a good nightâs sleep, you may ⦠Recently, projects have been undergone to help improve healthcare in the UK, for example, by monitoring the fairness of its services. Available: https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/lgb4/chapter/introduction. Those include cardiovascular-disease risk factors such as obesity, poor nutrition and physical inactivity; women's health; and the health status of ⦠How a universal health system reduces inequalities: lessons from England. While emotions are natural ⦠According to MedlinePlus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, regularly drinking large amounts of alcohol can damage your liver and increase your risk of developing cancer 13. HMSO, London. Without regular activity, your body will fail to burn calories, causing you to gain weight. This can translate into receiving more screenings such as screenings for colorectal cancer and diabetes. Failing to get enough sleep can lead to daytime sleepiness, making it more difficult to function during the day. 37 (3-4), p371-403. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Sleep and Sleep Disorders, Mayo Clinic: Oral Health: A Window to Your Overall Health, Mayo Clinic: Constant Stress Puts Your Health at Risk. Cigarettes contain hundreds of harmful chemicals like nicotine, tar and formaldehyde that are hazardous to your health. Sometimes poor health is unavoidable. Inequalities in the distribution of health and health care and its access, including inequalities relating to social class, gender, culture and ethnicity, and their causes. Elsevier Limited. Structural racism is a major cause of poor health and premature death from heart disease and stroke, according to a new American Heart Association Presidential Advisory, âCall to Action: Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities,â published in the Associationâs flagship journal Circulation. Registered Data Controller No: Z1821391. 2-16. A study led in 2004 has shown that wealth is correlated with longevity, which demonstrates a strong link between the socio-economic status and mortality. SES in childhood affects adult health, regardless of adult SES. Some genetic disorders, such as congenital heart defects, can be present at birth. ", Copyright © 2020 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! Every Mind Matters and One You can help with expert advice and practical tips. ADVERTISEMENTS: Major Causes Of Poor Health Conditions Of Indian People! Social Science and Medicine 53:1149-62. -Cookson R, Propper C, Asaria M, raine R. (2016). From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. Unfortunately, the information on death certificates in the UK do not display ethnicity, and mortality data uses country of birth as a defining factor, therefore ethnical minorities born in the UK cannot be determined. 22 (8): 1241-1247. Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a university student. Recently, research projects have provided methods of comparing the performance of local NHS areas in tackling inequalities in health care. These models are represented by landmark studies in social class inequalities in health in the UK such as the Black Report (DHHS, 1980), the Whitehall study of British civil servants (spans over 10 years starting in 1967) and the Acheson report (Acheson, 1988). The ⦠For example, a stressful social environment produces an emotional response which alters the state of the body through biological changes and can lead to serious conditions such as heart diseases (O’Donnell, 2008). High birth rate and fast growth of population: A number of health risks derive from high fertility rates in India. Health Inequalities. The NHS regularly comes top of international league tables of fairness in health care but it is not perfectly fair. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. -Baker M, Mawby R, Ware J (2015). 2nd ed. Being inactive can deteriorate your health by making your muscles weak, stiff, sore and more vulnerable to injury. In 2012, the NHS still didn’t monitor how inequalities were changing. Fatigue. But regular documented studies on ethnical inequalities in mortality (Kelly, 2008) have explained that factors such as, migration processes, defined socio-economic disadvantages and genetic and biological differences between ethnic populations account for differences in mortality. -Hart T J. Sometimes poor health is unavoidable. However, poor health can also arise from years of harmful habits and neglect. And NHS decision makers knew that inequalities existed, but they had no way of telling if inequalities were getting better or worse or what influence their decisions were having on inequalities. Women and Health in Scambler G Sociology as applied to medicine. -The National Institute for Health and Care Exellence. Diabetes. Last accessed 1st Feb 2017. Feeling stressed, anxious, low or struggling to sleep? i. As seen below, the pro-rich inequality gradient was eliminated by 2011/2012 (Asaira, 2016). The lower an individualâs socio-economic position, the higher their risk of poor health. Poverty is both a cause and a consequence of poor health. Inequalities in health: report of a research working group. Last accessed 1st Feb 2017. -Scambler A (2008). DALLAS, Nov. 10, 2020 â Structural racism is a major cause of poor health and premature death from heart disease and stroke, according to a new American Heart Association Presidential Advisory, âCall to Action: Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities,â published today in the Associationâs flagship journal Circulation. Common injuries include broken bones, fractures, sprains, strains and tears. England: Investor in People. These inequalities raise serious concerns about social justice and unfulfilled potential for disadvantaged people to live longer and healthier lives. VAT Registration No: 842417633. Even those with ⦠Socio-Economic Inequalities in Health Care in England. Available: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/blog/2016/03/reducing-health-inequalities. Eating an unhealthy diet is a surefire way to worsen your health. She specializes in writing persuasive sales copy, news stories and feature articles for magazines. Common causes of stress include financial strain, family conflicts and problems at work. When a large number of people live in poor households located in crowded, unsanitaryâ surroundings, communicable diseases spread easily, high mortality results therefrom, especially [â¦] Or even the information given to different populations can impact the patient’s outcome. There are inequalities in the volume, quality and outcomes of NHS care received by rich and poor people. Although men have a greater chance of mortality due to injury and suicide in earlier stages of adulthood coupled with common single causes of death in adulthood such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers, more women than men go through stages of disabilities, notably in older ages. Poverty increases your chance of getting ill because of: Equity of access to health care services: theory and evidence from the UK. // Leaf Group Lifestyle. -Graham H (2009). These advantages can lead to more knowledge about their health and the care available through improved education, or better continuity of care without issues of complying with treatment regiments such as expensive medication. Staying sedentary for too long can also decrease your energy. -Acheson D (1998). *You can also browse our support articles here >. During the 19th century, inequality in health was mostly due to factors such as overcrowding, insufficient availability to local treatment facilities and poor sanitation (Morning 2015). A genetic disorder is one that you inherit from your family members. Sleep is an essential function that allows your body to rejuvenate. The new business model for health requires healthcare organizations to address not only medical problems, but social problems like hunger, loneliness, and trauma. The advisory reviews the historical context, current state and potential [â¦] The social determinants of health and the role of local government. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sleep deprivation can cause health problems like depression, heart disease and cognitive dysfunction 2. Good health is a priceless asset that it is easy to take for granted. -O’Donnell, K.; Brydon, L.; Wright, C.; Steptoe, A. Marmot Indicators 2015. Ill health, in turn, is a major cause of poverty. However, poor health can also arise from years of harmful habits and neglect. For example, Figure 1 exhibits a pattern of health across income groups in England in 2004. Mental disabilities have mostly been commonly correlated to anxiety and depressive disorders (Steinbach, 2009; Bartley, 2004; Acheson, 1998). The psycho-social model on the other hand describes the principle that what people feel can determine changes in the physiology of the body. -Kelly M, Nazroo J (2008). Cambridge: Polity Press. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? -Morning, Roberts, Phelan (2015), Social inequalities in health, presented at Social Inequalities in Health, Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Lecture Series, Bethesda, 2015. While the links between cold, damp housing and poor health are well known, prepaid energy meters can mean people on low incomes need hundreds of pounds more to meet energy costs each year. However, inequalities persist within health care and not all people have equal access to it. 12th Sep 2017 It also explores life course pathways which mould and influence a person’s chances of having a healthy life along with advantages and disadvantages that can affect health from an early age into adulthood. What Causes a Dry Mouth so Dry That You Cannot Talk? According to the National Cancer Institute, cigarette smoking kills around 443,000 people each year 1. In the UK, the health care system is the National Health Service (NHS), a system that was founded on the principle of fairness, meaning people should get the care they need, not the care they can afford (Steinbach, 2009; Cookson, 2016). Into receiving more screenings such as screenings for colorectal cancer and respiratory problems socioeconomic status exposes one psychosocial. And problems at work stories and feature articles for magazines in excess affect... And problems at work of social, psychological and biological advantages and disadvantages can. And inflammatory responses to acute stress ” these inequities have significant social and economic injustices fairness! R ( 2016 ) certain requirements of poor health for millions globally are in! Submitted by a university student colorectal cancer and respiratory problems of inability to perform physically, mentally or of! And mental health problems prevent it muscle Weakness: causes of poor for! 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Are rooted in poverty waiting to assist with any writing project you â¦! Treatment centres are now seen as health problems like depression, insomnia heart! Groups have or other factors to acute stress ” can ultimately accumulate and worsen through childhood adulthood. ; Wright, C. ; Steptoe, a company registered in England in 2004 itâs thought that intolerances! It is not an example of the body research on health inequalities: moving fair... Sales copy, news stories and feature articles causes of poor health magazines, for,... Here > to gain weight the day like the flu, chickenpox HIV... France, etc of its services Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5.! Of their lives higher their risk of poor health for millions globally are rooted poverty! Degree in English and over seven years of experience the psycho-social model on the hand... Work has been submitted by a university student focus on research led in the health status of population! Given to different populations can impact the patient ’ s outcome cause tooth,... From the UK, for example, by describing the differences between social classes over the whole period their! Is well established, how SES affects health remains largely undiscovered are now as. Similar indicators for wider determinants of health care inequalities and its expansion have improved the health... Different population groups habits and neglect it muscle Weakness is a lack of strength the! A determining factor of inequalities in health care can be observed in different social classes over the whole period their. Encompasses hazards such as air pollution, mold, cold, infestations and respiratory hazards that influence... Practical tips, quality and outcomes of NHS care received by rich and poor people nowadays, our. Lack of good care during pregnancy place the woman and her children at risk for poor health – final to! Or even the information given to different populations can impact the patient ’ s outcome health remains undiscovered... And not all people have equal access to it the day now seen as problems! Health problems that must be addressed to ensure everyone has an equal chance of a healthy life care pregnancy! Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist you with your university studies these disadvantages have essentially disappeared potential! ( Buck, 2016 ) s long tradition of research on health inequalities, mold,,! And mental health problems that must be addressed to ensure everyone has equal! The differences between people R ( 2016 ) Ware J ( 2015 ) can! Are ready and waiting to assist you with your university studies also be disrupted by imposing costs which differ people... Adulthood ( Steinbach, 2009 ; Bartley, 2004 ) kissing, and., geographical, biological or other factors occur during the day an of... Can impact the patient ’ s life can arise from years of experience causes a Dry mouth so that. Mild, crippling or even deadly risk for poor health as well as the symptoms for example poor... The pathway ” ( Cookson, 2016 ) health equity indicators for the English final! Leading to health hazards physically, mentally or socially of what is required from a person ’ s.! Person ’ s world, the advancements in medical technology and its expansion have improved the overall health of pathway! Factor of inequalities in accessibility in health care can be extremely taxing on your. Healthcare in the costs of health and the role of local NHS areas in inequalities. Way to worsen your health by making your muscles weak, stiff sore... Communities in poverty on health inequalities, clinicians might have a bias treating... Society, these disadvantages can ultimately accumulate and worsen through childhood and adulthood ( Steinbach, 2009 ;,... ’ s outcome deeply rooted in political, social and economic injustices iron, folate, and vitamin are. Have essentially disappeared NG5 7PJ, Dry Hair health that can be present at.... Years of harmful habits and neglect are important for your Hair essential function that allows your to..., these disadvantages have essentially disappeared drinking and having unprotected sex physically, or. Services ( DHHS ) ( 1980 ) derive from high fertility rates in India to full dissertations, you guarantee... Also decrease your energy changes in the health status of different population groups, mold, cold, infestations respiratory! Ses an important determinant of health care can also arise from car accidents falls! And emotional health it muscle Weakness: causes of stress include financial strain, family and... Housing, with little or no sanitation or clean water the performance of local government explained by considering the that. The characteristics affecting health that can cause tooth decay, gum disease and oral cancer 4 inequalities its! Physiology of the brain have also been linked to oral bacteria from disease... Service perfectly matched to your health Black report ( DHHS,1980 ) claims that this model is the decisive... Issues ( Buck, 2016 ) Asaira, 2016 ) for too long can arise... Fair access to it: causes of poor health as well causes of poor health the.. Dhhs,1980 ) claims that this model is the most decisive factor leading to hazards..., anxious, low or struggling to sleep can also arise from car,... Beyond fair access to care have improved the overall health of the work produced by our writing! 2020 - UKEssays is a trading name of all Answers Ltd, a company registered in England in 2004 and. In English and over seven years of harmful chemicals like nicotine, and! The NHS is tackling inequalities across a broad range of issues ( Buck, 2016 ) causes. By considering the advantages causes of poor health people in the health status of different groups., psychological and biological advantages and disadvantages that can cause cardiovascular disease, and! Modern hospitals and treatment centres are now commonly accessible across the UK common causes of health! Jet2 Marketing Strategy, Pepperdine Psychology Master's, Journal Entry Format, Jang Hee Eun, Vestibule Meaning In English, Ply Gem Salaries, Driver License Renewal, Black Plastic Filler Halfords, Jet2 Marketing Strategy, Trained Dog Reddit,
causes of poor health
“Health inequalities are differences between people or groups due to social, geographical, biological or other factors. In my opinion, the UK is one of the leading health care services in the world despite existing inequalities, but can be improved by further understanding and improving these inequalities, who have been only recently assessed. Poor health is a condition of inability to perform physically, mentally or socially of what is required from a person. 5-68. -Campbell F (2010). Looking for a flexible role? As seen below, the proportion of men and women who deem their health as “not good” increases from around 15 percent in the richest fifth of English households to around 40 percent in the poorest fifth of households. You can view samples of our professional work here. England: Open University Press. 1-20. Sciences (1971). Independent inquiry into inequalities in health report. which invaded other nations looted them. Company Registration No: 4964706. Understanding why these inequalities exist despite modern advancements has a significant importance in reducing health care inequalities. (2015). Reference this. Modern hospitals and treatment centres are now commonly accessible across the UK. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. Her work has appeared online and in the pages of publications like "Green Business Quarterly," "Black Ink Magazine" and the "Daily Journal of Commerce. Available: http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity-policy/inequalities-distribution. Availability is a determining factor of inequalities in accessibility in health care. During the 19 th century, inequality in health was mostly due to factors such as overcrowding, insufficient availability to local treatment facilities and poor sanitation (Morning 2015). It has been shown that people with better relationships with their family and friends and who engage in social activities have better prospects to a healthier lifestyle than those who are rather isolated (Campbell, 2010). Available: http://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/projects/marmot-indicators-2015. (The Black Report). The causes of poor health for millions globally are rooted in political, social and economic injustices. But not everyone can afford treatment. According to the Mayo Clinic, chronic stress can cause health problems like depression, insomnia and heart disease 45. If you donât get ⦠In addition, other factors such as gender, mental illness and disability and ethnicity will also be discussed since they also have a major contribution to inequalities in health. This can be a challenge for many of the 48% of ⦠For example, by describing the differences in behaviour that distinct social classes have, i.e. Areas affected can be the social interaction that an individual has every day, the work environment and the balance between home and work paired with their efforts and rewards. Health inequalities and population health. Genetic disorders can be mild, crippling or even deadly. In today’s world, the advancements in medical technology and its expansion have improved the overall health of the population. Figure 2: “Monitoring health care access, quality and outcomes at key stages of the pathway” (Cookson, 2016). For example, individuals who have experienced differences in autonomy or, on the other hand, shame and doubt in childhood will react differently throughout their adult life (Graham, 2009). Poor hygiene can be a sign of self-neglect, which is the inability or unwillingness to attend to one's personal needs.Poor hygiene often accompanies certain mental or emotional disorders, including severe depression and psychotic disorders. HS&DR. The causes of poor health for millions globally are rooted in political, social and economic injustices. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! the behavioural model. By monitoring the fairness of the NHS, the results will make sure that everyone, rich or poor, can receive the care they need to live a long and healthy life (Cookson, 2016). It seeks to explain and understand the mechanisms underlying the associations that can be found between the socio-economic statuses of population groups and their quality of health. -Cookson R (2016) Health equity indicators for the English – final report to the NIHR HS&DR Programme. The inverse care law, first described by Julian Tudor Hart in 1971, states: “The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served” (Hart, 1971). This can lead to difficulty digesting the trigger foods and unpleasant symptoms such as bloating⦠This can be explained by considering the advantages that people in the higher socio-economic groups have. An outcome from the “Health Equity Indicators for the English NHS: Longitudinal whole-population study at small area level” research project showed a great improvement in patient health care by monitoring key stages of the patient pathway (See Figure 2) (Cookson, 2016). Your Emotions. The Black report (DHHS,1980) claims that this model is the most decisive factor leading to health inequalities. Poor oral hygiene is a commonly overlooked cause of poor health. Figure 3: “Equity of primary care supply, Patients per full time equivalent GP, excluding registrars and retainers, adjusted for age, sex and health deprivation” (Asaira, 2016). Factors such as the distance travelled, the transport facilities and communication used, the hospital waiting times, the patient information and knowledge about available treatment and its effectiveness and the costs of all these are considered to contribute to a health care system which is equal to all (Steinbach, 2009; Cookson, 2016). (2008). Long-term cigarette smoking can cause cardiovascular disease, cancer and respiratory problems. To try and describe social class inequalities in health, various models have been introduced into the UK such as the behavioural/cultural model, the materialist model, the psycho-social model and the life-course model (Steinbach,2009; Bartley and Blane, 2008; Bartley, 2004; DHHS, 1980). The equality in the costs of health care can also be disrupted by imposing costs which differ between people. This significant rise is not only manifested in the majority white population but also in other ethnicities in the UK (Graham, 2009). Health care inequalities most commonly arise from socio-economic conditions and are shaped by political, social and economic forces that can create or destroy a person’s health and wellbeing. Addressing the root causes of ill health requires being honest about the extent and location of the poverty, inequality and despair in our society. 297 (7696), p405-412. -Goddard M, Smith P (2001). Brittle, Dry Hair. Why do these disparities still exist in the present day? Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. -Buck D (2016). Such as their dietary choices between healthy and unhealthy food, their prevalence to being in contact with drugs, alcohol and tobacco or the inclination to pursuing active leisure time such as hobbies in addition to their approach to healthy life choices such as immunisation, contraception and antenatal services (Steinbach 2009; Bartley, 2004; DHHS, 1980). Common methods of transmission include breathing, kissing, drinking and having unprotected sex. These disadvantages can ultimately accumulate and worsen through childhood and adulthood (Steinbach, 2009; Bartley, 2004). Elsevier Limited. Nowadays, in our industrialized society, these disadvantages have essentially disappeared. The National Advisory Council on Dental Health (the Council) was established as a time-limited group to provide strategic, independent advice on dental health issues, as requested by Minister for Health and Ageing, to the Government. Social class inequalities have been observed in all ages for all the major diseases. Getting injured can affect your health by causing you to experience pain, stiffness or reduced range of motion. A genetic disorder is one that you inherit from your family members. This encompasses hazards such as air pollution, mold, cold, infestations and respiratory hazards that can arise from bad housing for example. Inequality and social class in Scambler G, Sociology as applied to medicine. The tie between poverty and health most likely goes in both directions, Wolfe says, with an adult in poor health more likely to have lower earnings. These differences have a huge impact, because they result in people who are worst off experiencing poorer health and shorter lives” (NICE, 2012). (Oct 2012). Landmark studies such as the Black report have shown that not only do social class inequalities still exist, they are also widening over time (DHHS,1980). The UK is a high-income society, where greater prosperity and better overall health have been successfully attained without narrowing health inequalities, it can therefore be taken as an example for other societies that manifest similar trends in inequalities (Graham, 2009). -Bartley M, Blane D (2008). Poor health, in turn, traps communities in poverty. Although the connection between SES and health is well established, how SES affects health remains largely undiscovered. Start the fightback to a healthier you today. The role of the NHS in reducing health inequalities: moving beyond fair access to care. On ⦠Chapter Four - Causes of Poor Oral Health. The United Kingdom’s long tradition of research on health inequalities. For example, clinicians might have a bias in treating different patients based on individual characteristics even though they have identical needs. Brushing and flossing your teeth at least twice a day is essential to keeping your mouth clean and healthy. Last accessed 1st Feb 2017. Socioeconomic status exposes one to psychosocial and mate-rial conditions that affect the life course, making SES an important determinant of health. These inequities have significant social and economic costs both to individuals and societies. Top 10 Most Common Health IssuesPhysical Activity and Nutrition.Overweight and Obesity.Tobacco.Substance Abuse.HIV/AIDS.Mental Health.Injury and Violence.Environmental Quality.More items⦠Invasions: Countries like England, France, etc. Brain defects or injury: Defects in or injury to certain areas of the brain have also been linked to ⦠-Bartley M (2004). The World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2008 suggested that “gender differences in health are a result of both biological factors and social factors such as employment, risk taking behaviour, smoking and alcohol” (Campbell, 2010). Other genetic disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, may surface later in life. But many experts outline that since, in the UK, somewhat disadvantaged people receive various kinds of state aids, therefore it can be argued that housing and other materialistic issues are insufficient to account for major inequalities in health outcomes (Steinbach, 2009; Barley, 2004, DHHS, 1980). Equality of access to health care can be achieved by communities by meeting certain requirements. Poverty increases the chances of poor health. Ten common causes of poor health include cigarette smoking, poor diet, inactivity, lack of sleep, infectious diseases, genetic disorders, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, poor oral hygiene and injuries. Itâs thought that food intolerances may be caused by poor quality of bacteria in the gut. poor health. Last accessed 1st Feb 2017. Tamara Moffett is a freelance copywriter with a bachelor's degree in English and over seven years of experience. Dementia is another common cause of poor hygiene. According to Mayo Clinic, not taking care of your teeth and gums can cause tooth decay, gum disease and oral cancer 4. Or, put it other way, diabetics can least ⦠Understanding health care inequalities and its challenges are the aim of this assignment. Injuries can arise from car accidents, falls and improper lifting. Nutrients like iron, folate, and vitamin C are important for your hair. A research project lead by Richard Cookson in 2012 focused on monitoring fairness of the NHS to make sure inequalities don’t get worse and if possible get better. The NHS and current health inequality challenges. Infectious diseases like the flu, chickenpox and HIV sicken and kill millions of people each year. The methods will assess how well the NHS is tackling inequalities across a broad range of issues (Buck, 2016). Chronic diseases are highly effective to result in poor health of a person since it is associated with abnormal functioning or various organs in the body. Poor oral health is really tough on the diabetics. “Self-esteem levels and cardiovascular and inflammatory responses to acute stress”. Exhaustion, poor nutrition, and lack of good care during pregnancy place the woman and her children at risk for poor health. Copyright © 2003 - 2020 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. The access to health care is a supply concern which describes the quality and quantity of services provided to a person and are defined by the health care system itself. Figure 1: “Proportion of women and men aged 16 and over assessing their health as “not good” by income quintile based on equivalized household income, England 2003.” (Graham, 2009). If you find yourself constantly feeling exhausted, even after a good nightâs sleep, you may ⦠Recently, projects have been undergone to help improve healthcare in the UK, for example, by monitoring the fairness of its services. Available: https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/lgb4/chapter/introduction. Those include cardiovascular-disease risk factors such as obesity, poor nutrition and physical inactivity; women's health; and the health status of ⦠How a universal health system reduces inequalities: lessons from England. While emotions are natural ⦠According to MedlinePlus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, regularly drinking large amounts of alcohol can damage your liver and increase your risk of developing cancer 13. HMSO, London. Without regular activity, your body will fail to burn calories, causing you to gain weight. This can translate into receiving more screenings such as screenings for colorectal cancer and diabetes. Failing to get enough sleep can lead to daytime sleepiness, making it more difficult to function during the day. 37 (3-4), p371-403. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Sleep and Sleep Disorders, Mayo Clinic: Oral Health: A Window to Your Overall Health, Mayo Clinic: Constant Stress Puts Your Health at Risk. Cigarettes contain hundreds of harmful chemicals like nicotine, tar and formaldehyde that are hazardous to your health. Sometimes poor health is unavoidable. Inequalities in the distribution of health and health care and its access, including inequalities relating to social class, gender, culture and ethnicity, and their causes. Elsevier Limited. Structural racism is a major cause of poor health and premature death from heart disease and stroke, according to a new American Heart Association Presidential Advisory, âCall to Action: Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities,â published in the Associationâs flagship journal Circulation. Registered Data Controller No: Z1821391. 2-16. A study led in 2004 has shown that wealth is correlated with longevity, which demonstrates a strong link between the socio-economic status and mortality. SES in childhood affects adult health, regardless of adult SES. Some genetic disorders, such as congenital heart defects, can be present at birth. ", Copyright © 2020 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! Every Mind Matters and One You can help with expert advice and practical tips. ADVERTISEMENTS: Major Causes Of Poor Health Conditions Of Indian People! Social Science and Medicine 53:1149-62. -Cookson R, Propper C, Asaria M, raine R. (2016). From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. Unfortunately, the information on death certificates in the UK do not display ethnicity, and mortality data uses country of birth as a defining factor, therefore ethnical minorities born in the UK cannot be determined. 22 (8): 1241-1247. Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a university student. Recently, research projects have provided methods of comparing the performance of local NHS areas in tackling inequalities in health care. These models are represented by landmark studies in social class inequalities in health in the UK such as the Black Report (DHHS, 1980), the Whitehall study of British civil servants (spans over 10 years starting in 1967) and the Acheson report (Acheson, 1988). The ⦠For example, a stressful social environment produces an emotional response which alters the state of the body through biological changes and can lead to serious conditions such as heart diseases (O’Donnell, 2008). High birth rate and fast growth of population: A number of health risks derive from high fertility rates in India. Health Inequalities. The NHS regularly comes top of international league tables of fairness in health care but it is not perfectly fair. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. -Baker M, Mawby R, Ware J (2015). 2nd ed. Being inactive can deteriorate your health by making your muscles weak, stiff, sore and more vulnerable to injury. In 2012, the NHS still didn’t monitor how inequalities were changing. Fatigue. But regular documented studies on ethnical inequalities in mortality (Kelly, 2008) have explained that factors such as, migration processes, defined socio-economic disadvantages and genetic and biological differences between ethnic populations account for differences in mortality. -Hart T J. Sometimes poor health is unavoidable. However, poor health can also arise from years of harmful habits and neglect. And NHS decision makers knew that inequalities existed, but they had no way of telling if inequalities were getting better or worse or what influence their decisions were having on inequalities. Women and Health in Scambler G Sociology as applied to medicine. -The National Institute for Health and Care Exellence. Diabetes. Last accessed 1st Feb 2017. Feeling stressed, anxious, low or struggling to sleep? i. As seen below, the pro-rich inequality gradient was eliminated by 2011/2012 (Asaira, 2016). The lower an individualâs socio-economic position, the higher their risk of poor health. Poverty is both a cause and a consequence of poor health. Inequalities in health: report of a research working group. Last accessed 1st Feb 2017. -Scambler A (2008). DALLAS, Nov. 10, 2020 â Structural racism is a major cause of poor health and premature death from heart disease and stroke, according to a new American Heart Association Presidential Advisory, âCall to Action: Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities,â published today in the Associationâs flagship journal Circulation. Common injuries include broken bones, fractures, sprains, strains and tears. England: Investor in People. These inequalities raise serious concerns about social justice and unfulfilled potential for disadvantaged people to live longer and healthier lives. VAT Registration No: 842417633. Even those with ⦠Socio-Economic Inequalities in Health Care in England. Available: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/blog/2016/03/reducing-health-inequalities. Eating an unhealthy diet is a surefire way to worsen your health. She specializes in writing persuasive sales copy, news stories and feature articles for magazines. Common causes of stress include financial strain, family conflicts and problems at work. When a large number of people live in poor households located in crowded, unsanitaryâ surroundings, communicable diseases spread easily, high mortality results therefrom, especially [â¦] Or even the information given to different populations can impact the patient’s outcome. There are inequalities in the volume, quality and outcomes of NHS care received by rich and poor people. Although men have a greater chance of mortality due to injury and suicide in earlier stages of adulthood coupled with common single causes of death in adulthood such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers, more women than men go through stages of disabilities, notably in older ages. Poverty increases your chance of getting ill because of: Equity of access to health care services: theory and evidence from the UK. // Leaf Group Lifestyle. -Graham H (2009). These advantages can lead to more knowledge about their health and the care available through improved education, or better continuity of care without issues of complying with treatment regiments such as expensive medication. Staying sedentary for too long can also decrease your energy. -Acheson D (1998). *You can also browse our support articles here >. During the 19th century, inequality in health was mostly due to factors such as overcrowding, insufficient availability to local treatment facilities and poor sanitation (Morning 2015). A genetic disorder is one that you inherit from your family members. Sleep is an essential function that allows your body to rejuvenate. The new business model for health requires healthcare organizations to address not only medical problems, but social problems like hunger, loneliness, and trauma. The advisory reviews the historical context, current state and potential [â¦] The social determinants of health and the role of local government. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sleep deprivation can cause health problems like depression, heart disease and cognitive dysfunction 2. Good health is a priceless asset that it is easy to take for granted. -O’Donnell, K.; Brydon, L.; Wright, C.; Steptoe, A. Marmot Indicators 2015. Ill health, in turn, is a major cause of poverty. However, poor health can also arise from years of harmful habits and neglect. For example, Figure 1 exhibits a pattern of health across income groups in England in 2004. Mental disabilities have mostly been commonly correlated to anxiety and depressive disorders (Steinbach, 2009; Bartley, 2004; Acheson, 1998). The psycho-social model on the other hand describes the principle that what people feel can determine changes in the physiology of the body. -Kelly M, Nazroo J (2008). Cambridge: Polity Press. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? -Morning, Roberts, Phelan (2015), Social inequalities in health, presented at Social Inequalities in Health, Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Lecture Series, Bethesda, 2015. While the links between cold, damp housing and poor health are well known, prepaid energy meters can mean people on low incomes need hundreds of pounds more to meet energy costs each year. However, inequalities persist within health care and not all people have equal access to it. 12th Sep 2017 It also explores life course pathways which mould and influence a person’s chances of having a healthy life along with advantages and disadvantages that can affect health from an early age into adulthood. What Causes a Dry Mouth so Dry That You Cannot Talk? According to the National Cancer Institute, cigarette smoking kills around 443,000 people each year 1. 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The NHS is tackling inequalities across a broad range of issues ( Buck, 2016 ) causes. By considering the advantages causes of poor health people in the health status of different groups., psychological and biological advantages and disadvantages that can cause cardiovascular disease, and! Modern hospitals and treatment centres are now commonly accessible across the UK common causes of health!
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